英语语法 | 独立主格详细讲解
本文章由春喜在线英语于2017.11.22日编辑发布
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子，具有以下特点： 1、独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句。可表示时间、原因、条件、行为或者伴随情况。 2、独立主格结构可置于句首，也可以放在句尾。 3、独立主格主要用于书面语。4独立主格结构的逻辑主语与语法主语不同，不能指同一个人或者同一事物。 若名词/代词与非谓语构成主动关系，用doing或having done;若名词/代词与非谓语构成被动关系，用done或having been done。having done与having been done 强调非谓语发生在主句谓语之前。 1. 名词/代词+分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)： The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴随情况) He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. (表示伴随情况) 2.名词/代词+形容词： They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴随情况) He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴随情况) 3.名词/代词+副词： He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示补充说明) The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示补充说明) 4.名词/代词+介词(短语) She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴随情况) He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴随情况) 独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
1.表示时间： His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play. =After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play. 2.表示原因： The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. =Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 3.表示条件： Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow. =If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow. 4.表示伴随情况或伴随状况： They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way. 5.表示补充说明： He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office. =He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.